Reverse Engineering focuses on analyzing compiled binaries, software behavior, and file structures to understand how systems work, discover vulnerabilities, or dissect malware. This category includes static and dynamic analysis, disassembly, debugging, and tools like Ghidra, IDA Pro, Binary Ninja, and radare2. Whether for vulnerability research, malware analysis, or software modification, reverse engineering plays a critical role in low-level offensive security work.
Kali Linux is a Debian-based distribution for penetration testing, ethical hacking, and network security assessments, offering a vast array of tools.

Pwntools is a CTF framework and exploit development library written in Python, designed for rapid prototyping and exploit creation.

THC-Hydra is a fast network login cracker supporting numerous protocols; a valuable tool for security researchers and consultants.

angr is a platform-agnostic binary analysis framework for reverse engineering and vulnerability research.

objection is a runtime mobile exploration toolkit for assessing mobile app security posture without needing a jailbreak.